A Case of Redo-TAVR with The Guidance of 3-Dimensional Printing

Here we describe the redo-TAVR in a 58-year-old woman. The patient received her first TAVR in 2021 and was observed to have severe aortic stenosis on the echocardiography 32 months later. We innovatively simulated the main steps using 3-dimensional printing technology before procedures. After simulation, we emphatically checked the transcatheter heart valve’s commissural alignment, implantation depth, leaflet development, and coronary ostia hemodynamics. Finally, the procedures were achieved success with the guidance of 3-dimensional printing.